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http://www.dintelligent.com/atomic-clocks/
atomic clocks
where are the two famous atomic clocks place in the world?
misspellings, placed*
The first atomic clock was built in 1949 at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The first accurate atomic clock, a cesium standard based on the transition of the cesium-133 atom, was built by Louis Essen in 1955 at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK. This led to the internationally agreed definition of the second being based on atomic time.
In August 2004, NIST scientists demonstrated a chip-scaled atomic clock. According to the researchers, the clock was believed to be one hundredth the size of any other. It was also claimed that it requires just 75 mW, making it suitable for battery-driven applications. This device could conceivably become a consumer product. It will presumably be much smaller, much less power-thirsty, and much cheaper to make than the traditional cesium-fountain clocks used by NIST and USNO as reference clocks
The government owns and operates an "Atomic Clock" that is located in Boulder, Colorado. This Atomic Clock keeps time which neither gains or loses a second in 30 million years. The National Institute of Standards and Technology then sends this time to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris, France. The Bureau receives time scales from other major nations, averages those scales, and distributes the average as the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). It is this international time scale which NIST distributes via radio stations (including WWVB) and your clock or watch is programmed to interpret. As long as your clock can receive the radio signal, it will update its time to match exactly with UTC and adjusted for your time zone. (Information from NIST - visit for more info)
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Casio Atomic Baby-G - Black
$79
The new Casio Atomic Baby-G brings atomic timekeeping to the durability and fashion of the Baby-G. Atomic Timekeeping Shock Resistant 100M Water Resistant (330ft) Electro-Luminescent Backlight Light with Afterglow World Time (48 cities) 1/100 Second Stopwatch Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar 12/24 Hour Formats Battery CR1220 Module 3772
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Casio Atomic Baby-G - White
$79
The new Casio Atomic Baby-G brings atomic timekeeping to the durability and fashion of the Baby-G. Atomic Timekeeping Shock Resistant 100M Water Resistant (330ft) Electro-Luminescent Backlight Light with Afterglow World Time (48 cities) 1/100 Second Stopwatch Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar 12/24 Hour Formats Battery CR1220 Module 3772
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Citizen Promaster Carbon Atomic Chronograph - World Time Analog Digital -
$596.25
This new Promaster Atomic combines the best features of the Skyhawk AT and the Promaster Carbon series to create a flight chronograph with a rugged carbon fiber bezel, atomic accuracy and world time in 43 cities Stainless Steel Case and Bracelet Atomic Timekeeping with Radio Controlled Accuracy Citizen Eco-Drive Solar Power Technology never needs a battery 180 Day Power Reserve; 2.5 Year Power Reserve with Power-Save Function World Time in 43 Cities 2 Alarms 1/100 Second Chronograph Measures up to 24 Horus 99 Minute Countdown Timer Perpetual Calendar Digital Display Light Greenwich Mean Time Display One-Way Rotating Elapsed Time Carbon Fiber Bezel Non-Reflective Mineral Glass Crystal Power Reserve Indicator Water Resistant to 200 Meters (660 Feet) Bracelet features a Fold-Over Safety Clasp with Push-Button Release 44mm Case Width (Approximately 1 3/4") 15mm Case Thickness (Approximately 5/8")
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Casio G-Shock Tough Solar Atomic Watch - Black Rubber
$99
This watch combines the toughness of G-Shock with the convenience of a light powered watch. And the Casio Wave Ceptor Atomic watches receive radio signals from the most accurate clock in the world - the cesium atomic clock at the National Bureau of Standards Light Powered - No batteries to change, ever! Shock Resistant 200 meter water resistant World time in 26 time zones, 30 cities Time recorder function - 30 records Daylight savings time on/off Auto Electro-luminscent backlight with afterglow 1/100 second stopwatch with measuring capacity up to : 23:59'59.99" Stopwatch measuring modes: elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place times 4 alarms with snooze Hourly time signal Auto-calendar ( pre-programmed until the year 2039) 12/24- hour formats Accuracy: +/- 15 seconds per month
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Casio G-Shock Solar Atomic Watch Stainless Case & Bracelet
$109
This watch combines the toughness of G-Shock with the convenience of a light powered watch. And the Casio Wave Ceptor Atomic watches receive radio signals from the most accurate clock in the world - the cesium atomic clock at the National Bureau of Standards Light Powered - No batteries to change, ever! Shock Resistant 200 meter water resistant World time in 26 time zones, 30 cities Daylight savings time on/off Auto Electro-luminscent backlight with afterglow 1/100 second stopwatch with measuring capacity up to : 23:59'59.99" Stopwatch measuring modes: elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place times 4 alarms with snooze Hourly time signal Auto-calendar ( pre-programmed until the year 2039) 12/24- hour formats Accuracy: +/- 15 seconds per month
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Casio G-Shock Solar Atomic Watch Black Stainless Case & Bracelet
$139
This watch combines the toughness of G-Shock with the convenience of a light powered watch. And the Casio Wave Ceptor Atomic watches receive radio signals from the most accurate clock in the world - the cesium atomic clock at the National Bureau of Standards Light Powered - No batteries to change, ever! Shock Resistant 200 meter water resistant World time in 26 time zones, 30 cities Daylight savings time on/off Auto Electro-luminscent backlight with afterglow 1/100 second stopwatch with measuring capacity up to : 23:59'59.99" Stopwatch measuring modes: elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place times 4 alarms with snooze Hourly time signal Auto-calendar ( pre-programmed until the year 2039) 12/24- hour formats Accuracy: +/- 15 seconds per month
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Citizen Men's Skyhawk AT Flight Chronograph - Global Atomic - Rubber Strap
$446.25
MORE FEATURES THAN EVER. NEW CITIZEN ECO-DRIVE TITANIUM SKYHAWK AT The new, fully loaded 3rd generation Skyhawk redefines atomic timekeeping with radio controlled accuracy and Eco-Drive technology. Radio signals are received both automatically and on-demand by the fully loaded Skyhawk A-T. Atomic Timekeeping with Radio Accuracy Eco-Drive Technology (Solar Powered so you never have to change a battery) World Time for 43 Cities 2 Alarms 24 Hour 1/100 Second Chronograph Perpetual Calendar to the year 2100 Analog/Digital Displays 99 Minute Countdown Timer with Alarm Water Resistant to 200 Meters (660 Feet) 3-Day Low Charge Warning (Will notify you 3 Days before the watch completely stops) Power Reserve Indicator Maximum Power Reserve at Full Charge is 180 Days Stainless Steel Case Fold-Over Clasp with Double Hidden Push Button Release 45mm Case Width without Crown
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Citizen Men's Skyhawk AT Flight Chronograph - Global Atomic - Bracelet
$487.5
MORE FEATURES THAN EVER. NEW CITIZEN ECO-DRIVE SKYHAWK AT The new, fully loaded 3rd generation Skyhawk redefines atomic timekeeping with radio controlled accuracy and Eco-Drive technology. Radio signals are received both automatically and on-demand by the fully loaded Skyhawk A-T. Atomic Timekeeping with Radio Accuracy Eco-Drive Technology (Solar Powered so you never have to change a battery) World Time for 43 Cities 2 Alarms 24 Hour 1/100 Second Chronograph Perpetual Calendar to the year 2100 Analog/Digital Displays 99 Minute Countdown Timer with Alarm Water Resistant to 200 Meters (660 Feet) 3-Day Low Charge Warning (Will notify you 3 Days before the watch completely stops) Power Reserve Indicator Maximum Power Reserve at Full Charge is 180 Days Stainless Steel Case Fold-Over Clasp with Double Hidden Push Button Release 45mm Case Width without Crown
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Citizen Atomic Skyhawk AT - Black Ion Plated - Black Dial - 200 Meters
$524.25
The 3rd generation Skyhawk redefines atomic timekeeping with radio controlled accuracy and Eco-Drive Technology. Radio signals are received both automatically and on-demand by the fully loaded Skyhawk A-T. Atomic Timekeeping wit Radio Controlled Accuracy Solar Powered - No need to change a battery World Time in 43 Cities 2 Alarms 1/100 Second Chronograph Measures up to 24 Hours 99 Minute Countdown Timer Perpetual Calendar Digital Display Light Water Resistant to 200 Meters (660 Feet) Greenwich Mean Time Display Rotating Slide Rule Bezel Stainless Steel Case and Bracelet with Black Ion Plating Non-Reflective Mineral Glass Crystal Power Reserve Indicator (180 Day Power Reserve when fully charged - 2.5 Year Power Reserve with Power Save Function - *150 Hours in Average Lighting to Acheive a full charge) Bracelet Features a Fold Over Clasp with Double Hidden Push Button Release 45mm Case Width (Approximately 1 3/4")
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Citizen Mens Titanium Skyhawk AT Flight Chronograph - Global Atomic - Bracelet
$637.5
NOW IN TITANIUM, NEW CITIZEN ECO-DRIVE TITANIUM SKYHAWK AT The new, fully loaded 3rd generation Skyhawk redefines atomic timekeeping with radio controlled accuracy and Eco-Drive technology. Radio signals are received both automatically and on-demand by the fully loaded Skyhawk A-T. Atomic Timekeeping with Radio Accuracy Eco-Drive Technology (Solar Powered so you never have to change a battery) World Time for 43 Cities 2 Alarms 24 Hour 1/100 Second Chronograph Perpetual Calendar to the year 2100 Analog/Digital Displays 99 Minute Countdown Timer with Alarm Water Resistant to 200 Meters (660 Feet) 3-Day Low Charge Warning (Will notify you 3 Days before the watch completely stops) 180 Day Power Reserve when Fully Charged (Approximately 2.5 Years with Power Save Function - 150 Hours to fully charge in average lighting) Power Save Function Power Reserve Indicator Titanium Case and Bracelet Fold-Over Clasp with Double Hidden Push Button Release 45mm Case Width without Crown (Approximately 1 3/4")
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Casio Global Atomic Solar Pathfinder - Altimeter/Barometer - Black Rubber
$199
Multi-Band Atomic Timekeeping (US, UK, Germany, Japan) Tough Solar Power Digital Compass Altimeter w/Alarm & Memory Altitude Barometer Thermometer 100M Water Resistant Full Auto EL Backlight with Afterglow World Time 5 Daily Alarms Countdown Timer 1/100 Second Stopwatch Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar (pre-programmed until the year 2099) 12/24 Hour Formats Button Operation Tone On/Off Accuracy: ±20 seconds per month (with no signal calibration) Battery Power Indicator Power Saving Function
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Casio Global Atomic Solar Pathfinder - Altimeter/Barometer - Military Green
$199
Multi-Band Atomic Timekeeping (US, UK, Germany, Japan) Tough Solar Power Digital Compass Altimeter w/Alarm & Memory Altitude Barometer Thermometer 100M Water Resistant Full Auto EL Backlight with Afterglow World Time 5 Daily Alarms Countdown Timer 1/100 Second Stopwatch Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar (pre-programmed until the year 2099) 12/24 Hour Formats Button Operation Tone On/Off Accuracy: ±20 seconds per month (with no signal calibration) Battery Power Indicator Power Saving Function
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Casio Global Atomic Solar Pathfinder - Altimeter/Barometer - Titanium
$219
Titanium Case and Bracelet Multi-Band Atomic Timekeeping (US, UK, Germany, Japan) Tough Solar Power Digital Compass Altimeter w/Alarm & Memory Altitude Barometer Thermometer 100M Water Resistant Full Auto EL Backlight with Afterglow World Time 5 Daily Alarms Countdown Timer 1/100 Second Stopwatch Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar (pre-programmed until the year 2099) 12/24 Hour Formats Button Operation Tone On/Off Accuracy: ±20 seconds per month (with no signal calibration) Battery Power Indicator Power Saving Function
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Casio Ultimate Atomic Solar Pathfinder - Altimeter - Barometer - Moon & Tide
$239
Combining the best elements of Pathfinder & Sea Pathfinder, Casio has produced the best Pathfinder to date. The Multi-Band 5 Atomic Solar Pathfinder steps beyond its core competencies of Digital Compass, Altimeter, Barometer and Thermometer by adding Tide and Moon Graphs and Moon Age Data. And if that wasn’t enough, it's 200M Water Resistant! Tide Graph (based on a combination of preset and user input data) Moon Data (moon age based on current date or user input data, moon phase graph) Multi-Band Atomic Timekeeping (US, UK, Germany, Japan) Tough Solar Power - No batteries to change - will run for up to 5 months when fully charged without further light exposure. Digital Compass in one degree increments Altimeter w/Alarm & 20 record Memory (-2,300 to 32,800ft) Barometer with pressure tendency and pressure differential graphs Thermometer 200 Meters Water Resistant Full Auto EL Backlight with Afterglow World Time in 29 times zones (33 cities), with city code display and daylight savings on/off 5 Daily Alarms Countdown Timer (Yacht Timer) 1 to 60 minutes in 1 second increments 1/100 Second Stopwatch with elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place time capability Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar (pre-programmed until the year 2099) 12/24 Hour Formats Button Operation Tone On/Off Accuracy: ±20 seconds per month (with no signal calibration) Battery Power Indicator Power Saving Function Case Size 56.2 x 50.6 mm by 13.9mm thick. Weight 79 grams
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Casio Solar Atomic G-Shock - Black with Stainless Accents - Time Recorder
$89
Atomic Timekeeping Receives time calibration radio signals which keep the displayed time accurate Auto receive function (4 times per day) Manual receive function Signal: WWVB, Frequency: 60kHz Tough Solar Power Shock Resistant 200M Water Resistant Auto EL Backlight with Afterglow World Time29 times zones (30 cities), city code display, daylight saving on/off 4 Daily Alarms & 1 Snooze Alarm Time Recorder; Memory capacity: 30 records (each record contains month, day, hour, minutes, seconds) 1/100 second stopwatch Measuring capacity: 23:59'59.99" Measuring modes: Elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place times Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar (pre-programmed until the year 2039) 12/24 Hour Formats Accuracy: ±15 seconds per month (with no signal calibration) Storage Battery CTL1616 (Rechargeable Solar Battery Cell) Battery Power Indicator Power Saving Function Approx. battery life: 11 months on full charge (without further exposure to light) Module 2688 Case Width: 45mm (Approximately 1 3/4") Case Thickness: 15mm (Approximately 5/8")
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Citizen Atomic Blue Angels Skyhawk - Titanium - Blue Dial - 200 Meters
$671.25
The popular titanium Blue Angels Skyhawk, now available in the Skyhawk AT radio controlled series, the ultimate Blue Angels Skyhawk watch. Atomic Timekeeping with Radio Controlled Accuracy Solar Powered - No need to change a battery World Time in 43 Cities 2 Alarms 1/100 Second Chronograph Measures up to 24 Hours 99 Minute Countdown Timer Perpetual Calendar Digital Display Light Water Resistant to 200 Meters (660 Feet) Greenwich Mean Time Display Rotating Slide Rule Bezel Titanium Case and Bracelet Non-Reflective Mineral Glass Crystal Power Reserve Indicator (180 Day Power Reserve when fully charged - 2.5 Year Power Reserve with Power Save Function - *150 Hours in Average Lighting to Achieve a full charge) Bracelet Features a Fold Over Clasp with Double Hidden Push Button Release Official Blue Angels Insignia appears on Caseback 45mm Case Width (Approximately 1 3/4")
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Casio Solar Atomic Multi-Band 5 Pathfinder - Titanium - Altimeter - Compass
$219
Silver-Tone Titanium Multi-Band 5 Pathfinder Watch features Atomic Timekeeping, Digital Dial Code and Titanium Band. Features Tough Solar Power, Digital Compass, Altimeter, Barometer and Thermometer. Multi-Band Atomic Timekeeping (US, UK, Germany, Japan) Receives time calibration radio signals which keep the displayed time accurate Auto receive function (6 times per day) Manual receive function Signal: US WWVB, UK MSF, Germany DCF77, Japan JJY40/JJY60 Frequency: US 60kHz, UK 60kHz, Germany 77.5kHz, Japan 40/60kHz Tough Solar Power Digital Compass 16 points of measurement Measuring range: 0 to 359 degrees Measuring unit: 1 degree Altimeter Measuring range: -700 to 10,000m (-2,300 to 32,800ft) Measuring unit: 5m (20ft) Auto memory measurements Altimeter Memory Memory capacity: 40 records Measurement data: altitude, month, date, time High / Low altitude memory Cumulative ascent / descent memory Relative altitude display Altitude tendency graph Altitude differential graphic Altitude alarm Barometer Display range: 260 to 1,100 hPa (7.65 to 32.45 inHg) Display unit: 1 hPa (0.05 inHg) Atmospheric pressure tendency graph Atmospheric pressure differential grapic Thermometer Display range: -10 to 60 C (14 to 140 F) Display unit: 0.1 C (0.2 F) 100M Water Resistant Low Temperature Resistant (-10 C / 14 F) Full Auto EL Backlight with Afterglow Duplex LCD World Time 29 times zones (30 cities), city code display, daylight saving on/off 5 Daily Alarms Countdown Timer Measuring unit: 1 second Countdown range: 1 minute to 60 minutes Auto-repeat function 1/100 second stopwatch Measuring capacity: 9:59'59.99" Measuring modes: Elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place times Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar (pre-programmed until the year 2099) 12/24 Hour Formats Accuracy: ±15 seconds per month (with no signal calibration) Storage Battery CTL1616 Battery Power Indicator Power Saving Function Approximate battery life: 5 months on full charge (without further exposure to light) Module 3043 Size of case/total weight: 62.3 X 52.2 X 14.2mm / 118g
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Casio Atomic Solar Titanium Pathfinder - Tide & Moon Graphs - 200 Meters
$299
The all new Titanium Pathfinder; combining the best elements of Pathfinder & Sea Pathfinder, Casio introduces the best Pathfinder to date. The Multi-Band 5 Atomic Solar Pathfinder steps beyond its core competencies of Digital Compass, Altimeter, Barometer and Thermometer by adding Tide and Moon Graphs and Moon Age Data. And if that wasn’t enough, it's 200M Water Resistant! Multi-Band Atomic Timekeeping (US, UK, Germany, Japan)Receives time calibration radio signals which keep the displayed time accurate Auto receive function (up to 6 times per day) Manual receive function Signal: US WWVB, UK MSF, Germany DCF77, Japan JJY40/JJY60 Frequency: US 60kHz, UK 60kHz, Germany 77.5kHz, Japan 40/60kHz Tough Solar Power 200M Water Resistant Tide Graph (based on a combination of preset and user input data) Moon Data (moon age based on current date or user input data, moon phase graph) Digital Compass 16 points of measurement Measuring range: 0 to 359 degrees Measuring unit: 1 degree Bearing Memory Memory Capacity: 1 record (stored direction angle and indicator) Altimeter Measuring range: -700 to 10,000m (-2,300 to 32,800ft) Measuring unit: 5m (20ft) Auto memory measurements Altimeter Memory Memory capacity: 20 records Measurement data: altitude, month, date, time Max altitude memory Relative altitude display Altitude tendency graph Altitude differential graphic Barometer Display range: 260 to 1,100 hPa (7.65 to 32.45 inHg) Display unit: 1 hPa (0.05 inHg) Atmospheric pressure tendency graph Atmospheric pressure differential grapic Thermometer Display range: -10 to 60 C (14 to 140 F) Display unit: 0.1 C (0.2 F) Low Temperature Resistant (-10 C / 14 F) Full Auto EL Backlight with Afterglow World Time29 times zones (33 cities), city code display, daylight saving on/off 5 Daily Alarms Countdown (Yacht) Timer Measuring unit: 1 second Countdown range: 1 minute to 60 minutes Countdown Alarm, Progress Beeper 1/100 second stopwatch Measuring capacity: 23:59'59.99" Measuring modes: Elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place times Hourly Time Signal Auto Calendar (pre-programmed until the year 2099) 12/24 Hour Formats Button operation tone on/off Accuracy: +/-20 seconds per month (with no signal calibration) Storage Battery CTL1616 Battery Power Indicator Power Saving Function Approx. battery life: 5 months on full charge with Power Saving Function (without further exposure to light) Titanium Case and Bracelet Module 3134 Case Size: 56.2 X 50.6 X 13.9mm Weight: 113 grams
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Casio G-Shock Tough Solar Atomic Watch - Blue Bezel - Black Bracelet - Negative
$179
This watch combines the toughness of G-Shock with the convenience of a light powered watch. And the Casio Wave Ceptor Atomic watches receive radio signals from the most accurate clock in the world - the cesium atomic clock at the National Bureau of Standards Black Ion Plated Case and Bracelet with Blue Ion Plated Bezel Light Powered - No batteries to change, ever! Shock Resistant 200 meter water resistant World time in 26 time zones, 30 cities Time recorder function - 30 records Daylight savings time on/off Auto Electro-luminscent backlight with afterglow 1/100 second stopwatch with measuring capacity up to : 23:59'59.99" Stopwatch measuring modes: elapsed time, split time, 1st-2nd place times 4 alarms with snooze Hourly time signal Auto-calendar ( pre-programmed until the year 2039) 12/24- hour formats Accuracy: +/- 15 seconds per month
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what molecule do modern atomic clocks use as their oscillator?
the ones in the 1960s used cesium-133, has it changed since then?
It is still Cesium-133.
Note cesium is also called caesium.
Hi, JT here. I recently received a Projection Alarm Clock as a gift and thought that it was just the coolest thing ever. I've started giving them to friends and thought I'd do a little research and put a site together about Projection Clocks and Atomic Clocks. I hope you enjoy!
7 Comments
Ensure you have the most accurate time with this Digital Atomic Wall Clock from Sharp®. Only $34.13
When you are courting a nice girl an hour seems like a second. When you sit on a red-hot cinder a second seems like an hour. That's relativity.
The definition of a "second" was set so that there are 86,400 seconds in a day — back around the year 1840! That is the average date for the observations that were used to define the second (i.e., about 1790 to 1880's). Since then, then Earth has slowed down a tiny bit for a while, and sped up for a while. Since 1972, there have been 23 leap seconds, over a period of 13,149 days. That means that ON AVERAGE, over the last 36 years, the days have been longer than 86,400 seconds by 0.00175 seconds. That extra part is called the "excess length of day", and adds up to about 0.6 or 0.7 seconds per year.
Now, we might suppose that the Earth could continue at that rate forever, with each day being 86,400.00175 seconds (average over several decades). The would be zero deceleration. But in fact, the Earth is decelerating. In about 100 years, we can expect that the day will be 86,400.00375 seconds long. Then leap seconds will have to put in about every 267 days (average). And in 1000 years from now, the day will be 86,400.02175 seconds long, and leap seconds will be needed every 46 days (as always, on average). (The detailed situation is a bit more complicated.) Some people are worried about this — see the second link below.
There is a graph of the "excess" length of day at the first link. Look for the graph labeled "BullA LODS".
For a more technical paper, try the third link.
Via online clock suppliers, consumers will get high quality clocks off kinds mantel clocks, wall membrane clocks, atomic clocks, also grandfather and grandmother clocks on great prices.
This is all interesting, and I’m looking forward to checking out the rough locations of my recently acquired iPhone.
i think the idea of a doomsday clock is a lot of rubbish and they just keep changing it becuase they are making it up from some daft theory/equation and never get the same answer twice